ENSO, IOD and observed climate of India - November 2022
In the first section the observed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and rainfall anomaly for the month of November 2022 are discussed. Next, the present status, evolution, and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are presented. Apart from this the observed weather conditions over India during the month of November 2022 also discussed. Global patterns of SST and Rainfall The global observed anomalies of Sea surface temperature (degree C) and rainfall (mm/day) for the previous month (November 2022) is given in Figure 1. The SST anomaly in the equatorial Pacific indicating the existence of La Niña. However, major parts of the global Oceans were with above normal SST anomaly. There was below normal rainfall in the central equatorial Pacific. north Australia and parts of southern Africa and South America in February 2022. Above normal rainfall was observed over equatorial