Climate of India: January 2022

In this blog, the observed climate conditions for the month of January 2022 over India are presented. 

Rainfall

The country India received 39.6mm rainfall during the month of January 2022. The long period average (LPA), also known as climatology (1961-2010) rainfall over the country as a whole for the month of January was 17.3mm. Accordingly, the percentage departure of rainfall compared to the climatology was 129%, so, the country received higher rainfall compared to the climatology during the month of January 2022. The spatial rainfall patterns over India for the month of January 2022 (Figure 1, right panel) indicates that most parts of the country received above normal rainfall compared to the climatology. As per the India Meteorological Department (IMD)'s report, out of 36 meteorological sub-divisions, 23 received large excess, 2 excess, 4 normal, 1 deficient and 6 sub-divisions received large deficient rainfall.


Figure 1: Spatial rainfall pattern over India for observed (left panel), climatology (middle panel), and anomaly (right panel) for January 2022 [Source: India Meteorological Department].



It was also observed that the rainfall received during the January 2022 month was third highest since 1951 after the years 2005 (40.6 mm) and 1957 (39.7 mm) [Figure 2]. It was the eighth highest, if we consider the data from 1901. The other years that received more rainfall in January were 1954, 1959, 1995, 1953, 1981, 1968, and 2020.




Figure 2: Rank of top 10 years that India received more rainfall (mm) during the month of January since 1951.


Temperature

The observed maximum, minimum and mean temperature for the country as a whole during the month of January 2022 are 24.94ºC, 14.53ºC and 19.74ºC respectively against the climatology normal (1981-2010) of 25.60ºC, 13.69ºC and 19.64ºC.  Thus, all India anomaly for maximum, minimum and mean temperature for the month of January 2022 was -0.66ºC (below normal), 0.84ºC (above normal) and 0.09ºC (normal) respectively.  The monthly average minimum temperature over India during January 2022 was eighth highest (14.53ºC with anomaly +0.84ºC) since 1901 (Figure 3). The other nine years when India experienced warmer minimum temperature anomalies were 1909, 1958, 2021, 1911, 1931, 1907, 1948, 2009 and 1901. The maximum temperature (26.23 C) observed over central India was 6th lowest since 1901. The minimum temperature (21.80 C) observed over South Peninsula India was fifth highest since 1901.



Figure 3: Rank of top 10 years that India experienced warmer Minimum Temperature anomaly (C) during the month of January since 1901.


The spatial distribution of maximum, minimum and mean temperature anomaly for the month of January 2022 is given in Figure 4. It was seen that the maximum temperature was below normal in the most parts of central and north India. However, the minimum temperature was above normal in the north India, region on the foothills of Himalaya, northeast India, eastern parts of central India and eastern parts of peninsular India.




Figure 4: Observed maximum (left), minimum (middle), and mean (right) temperature anomaly (degree C) over India for the month of January 2022. The climatology period is from 1981 to 2010 considered here. [Source: India Meteorological Department]

Summary

In summary, the observed rainfall over India was eighth highest since 1901. The regions where maximum rainfall anomalies observed were northwest India, central India and the regions along the east coast of India. The monthly average minimum temperature over India during January 2022 was eighth highest since 1901. The minimum temperature was above normal in the north India, region on the foothills of Himalaya, northeast India, eastern parts of central India and eastern parts of peninsular India.












Location: Pune, Maharashtra, India

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