ENSO and IOD: Current Status and Predictions - January 2022
In this page, the current status and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are discussed. The current status is based on the evolution of climate variables during the recent three months and their prediction is based on that issued by various international centres. The global observed anomalies of Sea surface temperature (degree C) and precipitation (mm/day) for the latest month of January 2022 are given in Figure 1. Figure 1: Sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (C) and Precipitation Anomaly (mm/day) for January 2022. [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Precipitation data: GPCPv2.3, Climatology: 1991-2020] ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) In November 2021, La Niña is present in the Pacific Ocean, where cooler than normal SSTs were observed across central and eastern equatorial Pacific and warmer than normal SSTs were observed over west tropical Pacific Ocean (Fig. 2)