Climate of India: Blog by Dr. Satyaban B Ratna

In the first section the observed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and rainfall anomaly for the month of May2022 are discussed. Next, the present status, evolution, and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are presented. Apart from this the observed weather conditions over India during the month of May 2022 also discussed. Global patterns of SST and Rainfall Figure 1:   Sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (C) and Precipitation Anomaly (mm/day) for May 2022. [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Precipitation data: GPCPv2.3, Climatology: 1991-2020] El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Present Status and Prediction Figure 2 : Tropical Pacific Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (Left Panel) and changes in the SST anomalies (degree C) from the previous month (Right Panel) during March - May 2022.  [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Climatology: 1991-2020] Figure 3: Depth-longitude sect

In the first section the observed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and rainfall anomaly for the month of April 2022 are discussed. Next, the present status, evolution, and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are presented. Apart from this the observed weather conditions over India during the month of April 2022 also discussed. Global patterns of SST and Rainfall Figure 1:   Sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (C) and Precipitation Anomaly (mm/day) for April 2022. [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Precipitation data: GPCPv2.3, Climatology: 1991-2020] El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Present Status Figure 2 : Tropical Pacific Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (Left Panel) and changes in the SST anomalies (degree C) from the previous month (Right Panel) during February - April 2022.  [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Climatology: 1991-2020] Figure 3: Depth-longitude section

In the first section the observed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and rainfall anomaly for the month of March 2022 are discussed. Next, the present status, evolution, and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are presented. Apart from this the observed weather conditions over India during the month of March 2022 also discussed. Global patterns of SST and Rainfall Figure 1:   Sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (C) and Precipitation Anomaly (mm/day) for March 2022. [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Precipitation data: GPCPv2.3, Climatology: 1991-2020] El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Present Status Figure 2 : Tropical Pacific Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (Left Panel) and changes in the SST anomalies (degree C) from the previous month (Right Panel) during January - March 2022.  [SST data: NOAA ERSSTv5, Climatology: 1991-2020] Figure 3: Depth-longitude section

In this page, the current status and prediction of the large-scale climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that primarily influence the Indian climate are discussed.  The current status is based on the evolution of climate variables during the recent three months and their prediction is based on that issued by various international centres. The global observed anomalies of Sea surface temperature (degree C) and precipitation (mm/day) for the latest month of February 2022 is given in Figure 1. The SST anomaly in February 2022 in the equatorial Pacific indicating the existence of La Niña. There was below normal rainfall in the central equatorial Pacific. north Australia and parts of southern Africa and South America in February 2022. Above normal rainfall was observed over parts of southeast Asia and Maritime continent. Parts of South America (north and central east regions) also had experienced above normal rainfall Figure 1:   Sea surface

India Meteorological Department classifies the heavy rainfall events received in a day, during the 24 hours period as per the following criteria: Heavy Rainfall event: 64.5 to 115.5 mm Very Heavy Rainfall event: 115.6 to 204.4 mm Extremely Heavy Rainfall events: >204.4 mm Heavy Rainfall Events: January 2022 During January 2022, there were  89 stations reported heavy rainfall (64.5 to 115.5 mm), nine stations reported very heavy rainfall (115.6 to 204.4 mm), one station received extremely heavy rainfall ( >204.4 mm). The locations of these stations are given in Figure 1. Figure 1: The locations of heavy rainfall events, very heavy rainfall events, and extremely heavy rainfall events in the month of January 2022 [Source: India Meteorological Department] Some of the stations over India also received record daily rainfall during the 24-hour period as per the given table.